Background:
The Newbery Medal is given by the American Library Association each year to "the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children" (the contribution being from the previous year).
Frederic G. Melcher came up with the idea to honor children's authors and proposed his thoughts to the ALA in June of 1921. His formal proposal, which was officially accepted in 1922 as the first children's book award in the world, included the following goals:
"To encourage original creative work in the field of books for children. To emphasize to the public that contributions to the literature for children deserve similar recognition to poetry, plays, or novels. To give those librarians, who make it their life work to serve children's reading interests, an opportunity to encourage good writing in this field."

The Newbery Award

The Newbery Seal
Because of carefully defined eligibility terms, each book will only be considered for an award once, the year depending on the publication, availability for purchase, and its copyright date.
The rules clearly specify that those who are considering a work for the award should not consider anything else about the author (whether or not they like other works from this author, whether or not this author has won a Newbery award before, etc.).
Those on the committee may look at the whole work by the author and consider its plot development, characters, theme, organization, setting, and its sense of appropriateness for the intended audience. However, not all of these categories must be deemed 'excellent' for a work to be nominated.
The Newbery Medal is given by the American Library Association each year to "the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children" (the contribution being from the previous year).
Frederic G. Melcher came up with the idea to honor children's authors and proposed his thoughts to the ALA in June of 1921. His formal proposal, which was officially accepted in 1922 as the first children's book award in the world, included the following goals:
"To encourage original creative work in the field of books for children. To emphasize to the public that contributions to the literature for children deserve similar recognition to poetry, plays, or novels. To give those librarians, who make it their life work to serve children's reading interests, an opportunity to encourage good writing in this field."

Rules and Criteria:
Other books from that year that were considered noteworthy are referred to as honor books, or previously, 'runners-up'.
In order to be eligible for an award, the author must be a citizen of the United States and have their work published in English in the U.S. in the year prior to the award.
All forms of writing, including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry should be considered for this award, obviously those of which were intended for a young audience. The audience is defined of people of 14 years of age and under.
Other books from that year that were considered noteworthy are referred to as honor books, or previously, 'runners-up'.
In order to be eligible for an award, the author must be a citizen of the United States and have their work published in English in the U.S. in the year prior to the award.
All forms of writing, including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry should be considered for this award, obviously those of which were intended for a young audience. The audience is defined of people of 14 years of age and under.

The Newbery Seal
Because of carefully defined eligibility terms, each book will only be considered for an award once, the year depending on the publication, availability for purchase, and its copyright date.
The rules clearly specify that those who are considering a work for the award should not consider anything else about the author (whether or not they like other works from this author, whether or not this author has won a Newbery award before, etc.).
Those on the committee may look at the whole work by the author and consider its plot development, characters, theme, organization, setting, and its sense of appropriateness for the intended audience. However, not all of these categories must be deemed 'excellent' for a work to be nominated.
John Newbery (1713-1767):

Originally published in 1744

Originally published in 1744
English publisher John Newbery was credited as being a first to publish books that were designed specifically for children. He wanted to have resources available that were age-level appropriate and could be entertaining as well as educational. He was best-known for his books, A Pretty Little Pocketbook and Little Goody Two-Shoes.
Information from ALA.org and Answers.com.
Information from ALA.org and Answers.com.

